시장보고서
상품코드
1813923

개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 규모, 점유율, 동향 분석 보고서 : 제품별, 최종 용도별, 지역별, 부문별 예측(2025-2033년)

Laparotomy Sponge Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Radiopaque, RFID, Traditional, RFID), By End-use (Hospitals & Clinics), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, MEA) And Segment Forecasts, 2025 - 2033

발행일: | 리서치사: Grand View Research | 페이지 정보: 영문 130 Pages | 배송안내 : 2-10일 (영업일 기준)

    
    
    




※ 본 상품은 영문 자료로 한글과 영문 목차에 불일치하는 내용이 있을 경우 영문을 우선합니다. 정확한 검토를 위해 영문 목차를 참고해주시기 바랍니다.

개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 요약

세계 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 규모는 2024년에 12억 3,000만 달러로 추정되며 2033년에는 20억 6,000만 달러에 달할 것으로 예상되며, 2025년부터 2033년까지 5.9%의 CAGR로 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다.

이는 노인 인구의 증가로 인해 외과적 치료가 필요한 복부 질환이 증가하고 있음을 반영합니다.

방사선 불투과성 재료 및 RFID 지원 스펀지 등의 기술 혁신은 검출을 향상시키고 수술기구의 잔류 가능성을 낮춥니다. 또한, 암, 심장병 등 만성질환으로 인한 수술이 전 세계적으로 증가하면서 수요가 증가하고 있습니다. 의료 시설의 증가와 일회용 친환경 스펀지 사용도 시장 확대를 뒷받침하고 있습니다.

개복 수술용 스펀지 시장은 수술 안전 프로토콜의 발전과 복부 수술의 보급률 증가로 인해 큰 성장세를 보이고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 미국외과학회(American College of Surgeons)에 따르면 미국에서는 연간 약 400만 건의 복부 수술이 이루어지고 있습니다. 개복 스펀지는 수술 중 체액을 흡수하고 수술기구 유지(RSI)를 방지하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 도구로 수술실에서 수요가 증가하고 있습니다. 복부 질환, 암, 제왕절개 분만의 증가는 전 세계적으로 개복 수술의 증가에 기여하고 있으며, 이로 인해 스펀지에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있습니다.

또한 이 시장은 지속가능한 관행으로의 전환을 목격하고 있으며, 제조업체들은 환경 기준을 충족하기 위해 친환경 소재와 포장에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다. 접착 특성 개선 및 인체공학적 구성 등 스펀지 설계의 혁신은 수술팀의 사용 편의성과 편안함을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다. 또한, 수술 중 감염 위험을 최소화하기 위해 개복 수술용 스펀지에 항균 코팅을 하는 것이 점점 더 보편화되고 있습니다. 이러한 발전은 엄격한 의료 규제와 일치하고 수술 안전과 작업 효율성에 대한 우려가 높아짐에 따라 시장 성장에 더욱 기여하고 있습니다.

목차

제1장 조사 방법과 범위

제2장 주요 요약

제3장 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 변수, 동향, 범위

  • 시장 계통 전망
    • 상부 시장 전망
    • 관련/부수 시장 전망
  • 시장 역학
    • 시장 성장 촉진요인 분석
    • 시장 성장 억제요인 분석
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 분석 툴
    • 업계 분석 - Porter's Five Forces 분석
    • PESTEL 분석

제4장 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 제품 추정·동향 분석

  • 부문 대시보드
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 제품 변동 분석
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 제품 전망별
  • 2021년에서 2033년까지 시장 규모와 예측 및 동향 분석
  • 방사선 불투과성 개복 스펀지
  • 기존 개복 수술용 스펀지
  • RFID 개복 스펀지

제5장 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 최종 용도 추정·동향 분석

  • 부문 대시보드
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 최종 용도 변동 분석
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 최종 용도별 전망
  • 2021년에서 2033년까지 시장 규모와 예측 및 동향 분석
  • 병원과 진료소
  • 기타

제6장 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 지역 추정·동향 분석

  • 지역 대시보드
  • 지역별 개복 스펀지 시장 변동 분석
  • 개복 수술용 스펀지 시장 : 제품과 최종 용도별 지역 추정·동향 분석
  • 2021년에서 2033년까지 시장 규모와 예측 및 동향 분석
  • 북미
    • 미국
    • 캐나다
    • 멕시코
    • 유럽
    • 영국
    • 독일
    • 프랑스
    • 이탈리아
    • 스페인
    • 덴마크
    • 스웨덴
    • 노르웨이
  • 아시아태평양
    • 일본
    • 중국
    • 인도
    • 한국
    • 호주
    • 태국
  • 라틴아메리카
    • 브라질
    • 아르헨티나
  • 중동 및 아프리카
    • 남아프리카공화국
    • 사우디아라비아
    • 아랍에미리트
    • 쿠웨이트

제7장 경쟁 구도

  • 시장 진입 기업 분류
  • 주요 기업 개요
    • Integra LifeSciences
    • Medical Action Industries Inc.
    • SDP Inc.
    • Dukal, LLC
    • Stryker
    • Cardinal Health
    • AllCare
    • DeRoyal Industries Inc.
    • Allmed Medical Products Co.,Ltd.
    • Premier Enterprises
KSM 25.09.26

Laparotomy Sponge Market Summary

The global laparotomy sponge market size was estimated at USD 1.23 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 2.06 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.9% from 2025 to 2033. This reflects the growing elderly population, resulting in more abdominal diseases that need surgical treatment.

Innovations such as radiopaque materials and RFID-enabled sponges improve detection and lower the chances of retained surgical items. Furthermore, the global rise in surgical procedures, driven by chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart conditions, boosts demand. Growing healthcare facilities and using single-use, environmentally friendly sponges also support market expansion.

The laparotomy sponge market is witnessing significant growth driven by advancements in surgical safety protocols and the increasing prevalence of abdominal surgeries. For instance, according to the American College of Surgeons, around 4 million abdominal operations are performed yearly in the U.S. Laparotomy sponges are essential tools used to absorb fluids and prevent retained surgical items (RSIs) during procedures, increasing their demand in operating rooms. The rising incidence of abdominal disorders, cancer, and cesarean deliveries has contributed to a rise in laparotomy procedures globally, thereby boosting demand for these sponges.

The market is also witnessing a shift toward sustainable practices, with manufacturers focusing on eco-friendly materials and packaging to meet environmental standards. Innovations in sponge design, such as improved adhesive properties and ergonomic configurations, aim to enhance usability and comfort for surgical teams. Moreover, antimicrobial coatings on laparotomy sponges are becoming increasingly popular to minimize infection risks during surgeries. These advancements align with stringent healthcare regulations and address growing concerns about surgical safety and operational efficiency, further contributing to market growth.

Global Laparotomy Sponge Market Report Segmentation

This report forecasts revenue growth at global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis on the latest industry trends and opportunities in each of the sub-segments from 2021 to 2033. For the purpose of this study, Grand View Research has segmented the global laparotomy sponge market report on the basis of product, end use, and region:

  • Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2021 - 2033)
  • Radiopaque Laparotomy Sponge
  • Traditional Laparotomy Sponge
  • RFID Laparotomy Sponge
  • End Use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2021 - 2033)
  • Hospitals & Clinics
  • Others
  • Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2021 - 2033)
  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • UK
    • Germany
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Denmark
    • Sweden
    • Norway
  • Asia Pacific
    • Japan
    • China
    • India
    • Australia
    • South Korea
    • Thailand
  • Latin America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
  • Middle East & Africa
    • South Africa
    • Saudi Arabia
    • UAE
    • Kuwait

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Market Segmentation and Scope
  • 1.2. Segment Definitions
    • 1.2.1. Product
    • 1.2.2. End Use
    • 1.2.3. Regional scope
    • 1.2.4. Estimates and forecasts timeline
  • 1.3. Research Methodology
  • 1.4. Information Procurement
    • 1.4.1. Purchased database
    • 1.4.2. GVR's internal database
    • 1.4.3. Secondary sources
    • 1.4.4. Primary research
    • 1.4.5. Details of primary research
      • 1.4.5.1. Data for primary interviews in North America
      • 1.4.5.2. Data for primary interviews in Europe
      • 1.4.5.3. Data for primary interviews in Asia Pacific
      • 1.4.5.4. Data for primary interviews in Latin America
      • 1.4.5.5. Data for Primary interviews in MEA
  • 1.5. Information or Data Analysis
    • 1.5.1. Data analysis models
  • 1.6. Market Formulation & Validation
  • 1.7. Model Details
    • 1.7.1. Commodity flow analysis (Model 1)
    • 1.7.2. Approach 1: Commodity flow approach
    • 1.7.3. Volume price analysis (Model 2)
    • 1.7.4. Approach 2: Volume price analysis
  • 1.8. List of Secondary Sources
  • 1.9. List of Primary Sources
  • 1.10. Objectives

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

  • 2.1. Market Outlook
  • 2.2. Segment Outlook
    • 2.2.1. Product outlook
    • 2.2.2. End Use outlook
    • 2.2.3. Regional outlook
  • 2.3. Competitive Insights

Chapter 3. Laparotomy Sponge Market Variables, Trends & Scope

  • 3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
    • 3.1.1. Parent Market Outlook
    • 3.1.2. Related/ancillary market outlook
  • 3.2. Market Dynamics
    • 3.2.1. Market Driver Analysis
      • 3.2.1.1. Rising number of laparotomy surgeries
      • 3.2.1.2. Growing prevalence of abdominal disorders
      • 3.2.1.3. Growing geriatric population
      • 3.2.1.4. Advancements in surgical safety regulations
    • 3.2.2. Market Restraint Analysis
      • 3.2.2.1. High cost of laparotomy sponges
  • 3.3. Laparotomy Sponge Market Analysis Tools
    • 3.3.1. Industry Analysis - Porter's
      • 3.3.1.1. Bargaining power of suppliers
      • 3.3.1.2. Bargaining power of buyers
      • 3.3.1.3. Threat of substitutes
      • 3.3.1.4. Threat of new entrants
      • 3.3.1.5. Competitive rivalry
    • 3.3.2. PESTEL Analysis
      • 3.3.2.1. Political landscape
      • 3.3.2.2. Economic landscape
      • 3.3.2.3. Social landscape
      • 3.3.2.4. Technological landscape
      • 3.3.2.5. Environmental landscape
      • 3.3.2.6. Legal landscape

Chapter 4. Laparotomy Sponge Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis

  • 4.1. Segment Dashboard
  • 4.2. Laparotomy Sponge Market: Product Movement Analysis
  • 4.3. Laparotomy Sponge Market by Product Outlook (USD Million)
  • 4.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
  • 4.5. Radiopaque Laparotomy Sponge
    • 4.5.1. Radiopaque Laparotomy Sponge Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.6. Traditional Laparotomy Sponge
    • 4.6.1. Traditional Laparotomy Sponge Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 4.7. RFID Laparotomy Sponge
    • 4.7.1. RFID Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 5. Laparotomy Sponge Market: End Use Estimates & Trend Analysis

  • 5.1. Segment Dashboard
  • 5.2. Laparotomy Sponge Market: End Use Movement Analysis
  • 5.3. Laparotomy Sponge Market by End Use Outlook (USD Million)
  • 5.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
  • 5.5. Hospitals & Clinics
    • 5.5.1. Hospitals & Clinics Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 5.6. Others
    • 5.6.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 6. Laparotomy Sponge Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis

  • 6.1. Regional Dashboard
  • 6.2. Regional Laparotomy Sponge Market Movement Analysis
  • 6.3. Laparotomy Sponge Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis by Product & End Use
  • 6.4. Market Size & Forecasts and Trend Analyses, 2021 to 2033 for the following
  • 6.5. North America
    • 6.5.1. North America Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.2. U.S.
      • 6.5.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.2.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.2.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.2.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.2.5. U.S. Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.3. Canada
      • 6.5.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.3.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.3.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.3.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.3.5. Canada Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.4. Mexico
      • 6.5.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.4.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.4.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.4.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.4.5. Mexico Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.5. Europe
    • 6.5.6. Europe Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.7. UK
      • 6.5.7.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.7.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.7.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.7.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.7.5. UK Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.8. Germany
      • 6.5.8.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.8.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.8.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.8.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.8.5. Germany Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.9. France
      • 6.5.9.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.9.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.9.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.9.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.9.5. France Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.10. Italy
      • 6.5.10.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.10.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.10.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.10.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.10.5. Italy Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.11. Spain
      • 6.5.11.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.11.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.11.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.11.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.11.5. Spain Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.12. Denmark
      • 6.5.12.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.12.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.12.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.12.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.12.5. Denmark Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.13. Sweden
      • 6.5.13.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.13.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.13.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.13.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.13.5. Sweden Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.5.14. Norway
      • 6.5.14.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.5.14.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.5.14.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.5.14.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.5.14.5. Norway Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 6.6. Asia Pacific
    • 6.6.1. Asia Pacific Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.2. Japan
      • 6.6.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.2.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.2.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.2.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.2.5. Japan Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.3. China
      • 6.6.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.3.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.3.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.3.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.3.5. China Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.4. India
      • 6.6.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.4.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.4.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.4.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.4.5. India Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.5. South Korea
      • 6.6.5.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.5.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.5.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.5.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.5.5. South Korea Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.6. Australia
      • 6.6.6.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.6.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.6.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.6.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.6.5. Australia Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.6.7. Thailand
      • 6.6.7.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.6.7.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.6.7.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.6.7.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.6.7.5. Thailand Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 6.7. Latin America
    • 6.7.1. Latin America Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.7.2. Brazil
      • 6.7.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.7.2.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.7.2.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.7.2.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.7.2.5. Brazil Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.7.3. Argentina
      • 6.7.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.7.3.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.7.3.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.7.3.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.7.3.5. Argentina Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
  • 6.8. Middle East & Africa
    • 6.8.1. Middle East & Africa Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.8.2. South Africa
      • 6.8.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.8.2.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.8.2.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.8.2.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.8.2.5. South Africa Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.8.3. Saudi Arabia
      • 6.8.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.8.3.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.8.3.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.8.3.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.8.3.5. Saudi Arabia Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.8.4. UAE
      • 6.8.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.8.4.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.8.4.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.8.4.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.8.4.5. UAE Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)
    • 6.8.5. Kuwait
      • 6.8.5.1. Key Country Dynamics
      • 6.8.5.2. Competitive Scenario
      • 6.8.5.3. Regulatory Framework
      • 6.8.5.4. Reimbursement scenario
      • 6.8.5.5. Kuwait Laparotomy Sponge Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Million)

Chapter 7. Competitive Landscape

  • 7.1. Market Participant Categorization
  • 7.2. Key Company Profiles
    • 7.2.1. Integra LifeSciences
      • 7.2.1.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.1.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.1.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.1.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.2. Medical Action Industries Inc.
      • 7.2.2.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.2.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.2.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.2.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.3. SDP Inc.
      • 7.2.3.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.3.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.3.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.3.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.4. Dukal, LLC
      • 7.2.4.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.4.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.4.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.4.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.5. Stryker
      • 7.2.5.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.5.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.5.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.5.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.6. Cardinal Health
      • 7.2.6.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.6.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.6.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.6.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.7. AllCare
      • 7.2.7.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.7.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.7.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.7.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.8. DeRoyal Industries Inc.
      • 7.2.8.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.8.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.8.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.8.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.9. Allmed Medical Products Co.,Ltd.
      • 7.2.9.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.9.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.9.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.9.4. Strategic initiatives
    • 7.2.10. Premier Enterprises
      • 7.2.10.1. Company overview
      • 7.2.10.2. Financial performance
      • 7.2.10.3. Product benchmarking
      • 7.2.10.4. Strategic initiatives
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