세계의 황산망간 : 시장 점유율과 순위, 전체 판매량 및 수요 예측(2025-2031년)

The global market for Manganese Sulphate was estimated to be worth US$ 433 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 1153 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 13.0% during the forecast period 2025-2031.

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tariff adjustments and international strategic countermeasures on Manganese Sulphate cross-border industrial footprints, capital allocation patterns, regional economic interdependencies, and supply chain reconfigurations.

Manganese Sulphate (MnSO4) is an inorganic chemical compound that exists primarily as a pale pink solid or crystalline powder. It is a critical manganese salt widely used across multiple industries, notably in agriculture and battery manufacturing. Manganese Sulphate is typically classified into two main product types based on its purity level: technical-grade and battery-grade. Technical-grade Manganese Sulphate, with a typical purity of 98%-99%, is predominantly used in fertilizer production and as a feed additive in animal nutrition. In contrast, battery-grade Manganese Sulphate-also known as High-Purity Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate (HPMSM)-features purity exceeding 99.9% with stringent impurity control (especially iron, potassium, and sodium), and is essential for the synthesis of high-performance cathode materials such as NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese), LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide), and LMFP (Lithium Manganese Iron Phosphate) used in lithium-ion batteries.

Global key players of Manganese Sulphate include Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material, ISKY Chemicals, Lantian Chemical, Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince), Guangxi Yuding New Materials, etc. The top five players hold a share about 54%. China is the largest market, and has a share about 55%, followed by Europe and Japan with share 15% and 9%, separately. In terms of product type, Battery Grade Manganese Sulphate is the largest segment, accounting for a share of 54%. In terms of application, Battery is the largest field with a share about 54 percent.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Manganese Sulphate, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Manganese Sulphate by region & country, by Type, and by Application.

The Manganese Sulphate market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (Tons) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Manganese Sulphate.

Market Segmentation

By Company

• Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material
• ISKY Chemicals
• Guizhou Redstar Developing
• Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group
• Guizhou Jinrui New Materials
• Lantian Chemical
• South Manganese Group
• Guangxi Yuding New Materials
• Guangxi Menghua Technology
• Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince)
• Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd
• Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific
• Changsha Rongqing Chemical
• Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle
• GoodEarth India
• Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL)
• RMCPL Group
• Atul
• Compania de Minas Buenaventura
• Fermavi
• Quintal

Segment by Type

• Battery Grade Manganese Sulphate
• Agriculture and Industrial Grade

Segment by Application

• Battery
• Agriculture
• Industrial

By Region

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Southeast Asia
  • India
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • U.K.
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Nordic Countries
  • Rest of Europe
• Latin America
  • Mexico
  • Brazil
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East & Africa
  • Turkey
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Rest of MEA

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (value, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Manganese Sulphate manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Manganese Sulphate in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.

Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Manganese Sulphate in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.

Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 9: Conclusion.

Table of Contents

1 Market Overview

• 1.1 Manganese Sulphate Product Introduction
• 1.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Market Size Forecast
  • 1.2.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume (2020-2031)
  • 1.2.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Price (2020-2031)
• 1.3 Manganese Sulphate Market Trends & Drivers
  • 1.3.1 Manganese Sulphate Industry Trends
  • 1.3.2 Manganese Sulphate Market Drivers & Opportunity
  • 1.3.3 Manganese Sulphate Market Challenges
  • 1.3.4 Manganese Sulphate Market Restraints
• 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
• 1.5 Study Objectives
• 1.6 Years Considered

2 Competitive Analysis by Company

• 2.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Players Revenue Ranking (2024)
• 2.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Players Sales Volume Ranking (2024)
• 2.4 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Company Players (2020-2025)
• 2.5 Global Manganese Sulphate Average Price by Company (2020-2025)
• 2.6 Key Manufacturers Manganese Sulphate Manufacturing Base and Headquarters
• 2.7 Key Manufacturers Manganese Sulphate Product Offered
• 2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Manganese Sulphate
• 2.9 Manganese Sulphate Market Competitive Analysis
  • 2.9.1 Manganese Sulphate Market Concentration Rate (2020-2025)
  • 2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Manganese Sulphate Revenue in 2024
  • 2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Manganese Sulphate as of 2024)
• 2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Segmentation by Type

• 3.1 Introduction by Type
  • 3.1.1 Battery Grade Manganese Sulphate
  • 3.1.2 Agriculture and Industrial Grade
• 3.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type
  • 3.2.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.2.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.2.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Type
  • 3.3.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 3.3.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume, by Type (2020-2031)
  • 3.3.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2020-2031)
• 3.4 Global Manganese Sulphate Average Price by Type (2020-2031)

4 Segmentation by Application

• 4.1 Introduction by Application
  • 4.1.1 Battery
  • 4.1.2 Agriculture
  • 4.1.3 Industrial
• 4.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application
  • 4.2.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.2.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.2.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Application
  • 4.3.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  • 4.3.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume, by Application (2020-2031)
  • 4.3.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2020-2031)
• 4.4 Global Manganese Sulphate Average Price by Application (2020-2031)

5 Segmentation by Region

• 5.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region
  • 5.1.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.1.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.1.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.1.4 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Region
  • 5.2.1 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
  • 5.2.2 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
  • 5.2.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Region (2026-2031)
  • 5.2.4 Global Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume by Region (%), (2020-2031)
• 5.3 Global Manganese Sulphate Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
• 5.4 North America
  • 5.4.1 North America Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.4.2 North America Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.5 Europe
  • 5.5.1 Europe Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.5.2 Europe Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.6 Asia Pacific
  • 5.6.1 Asia Pacific Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.6.2 Asia Pacific Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Region (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.7 South America
  • 5.7.1 South America Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.7.2 South America Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031
• 5.8 Middle East & Africa
  • 5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Country (%), 2024 VS 2031

6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions

• 6.1 Key Countries/Regions Manganese Sulphate Sales Value Growth Trends, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
• 6.2 Key Countries/Regions Manganese Sulphate Sales Value and Sales Volume
  • 6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Manganese Sulphate Sales Volume, 2020-2031
• 6.3 United States
  • 6.3.1 United States Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.3.2 United States Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.3.3 United States Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.4 Europe
  • 6.4.1 Europe Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.4.2 Europe Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.4.3 Europe Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.5 China
  • 6.5.1 China Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.5.2 China Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.5.3 China Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.6 Japan
  • 6.6.1 Japan Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.6.2 Japan Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.6.3 Japan Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.7 South Korea
  • 6.7.1 South Korea Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.7.2 South Korea Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.7.3 South Korea Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.8 Southeast Asia
  • 6.8.1 Southeast Asia Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.8.2 Southeast Asia Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.8.3 Southeast Asia Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031
• 6.9 India
  • 6.9.1 India Manganese Sulphate Sales Value, 2020-2031
  • 6.9.2 India Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Type (%), 2024 VS 2031
  • 6.9.3 India Manganese Sulphate Sales Value by Application, 2024 VS 2031

7 Company Profiles

• 7.1 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material
  • 7.1.1 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Company Information
  • 7.1.2 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.1.3 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.1.4 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.1.5 Guizhou Dalong Huicheng New Material Recent Development
• 7.2 ISKY Chemicals
  • 7.2.1 ISKY Chemicals Company Information
  • 7.2.2 ISKY Chemicals Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.2.3 ISKY Chemicals Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.2.4 ISKY Chemicals Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.2.5 ISKY Chemicals Recent Development
• 7.3 Guizhou Redstar Developing
  • 7.3.1 Guizhou Redstar Developing Company Information
  • 7.3.2 Guizhou Redstar Developing Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.3.3 Guizhou Redstar Developing Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.3.4 Guizhou Redstar Developing Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.3.5 Guizhou Redstar Developing Recent Development
• 7.4 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group
  • 7.4.1 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group Company Information
  • 7.4.2 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.4.3 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.4.4 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.4.5 Guizhou Manganese Mineral Group Recent Development
• 7.5 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials
  • 7.5.1 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials Company Information
  • 7.5.2 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.5.3 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.5.4 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.5.5 Guizhou Jinrui New Materials Recent Development
• 7.6 Lantian Chemical
  • 7.6.1 Lantian Chemical Company Information
  • 7.6.2 Lantian Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.6.3 Lantian Chemical Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.6.4 Lantian Chemical Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.6.5 Lantian Chemical Recent Development
• 7.7 South Manganese Group
  • 7.7.1 South Manganese Group Company Information
  • 7.7.2 South Manganese Group Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.7.3 South Manganese Group Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.7.4 South Manganese Group Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.7.5 South Manganese Group Recent Development
• 7.8 Guangxi Yuding New Materials
  • 7.8.1 Guangxi Yuding New Materials Company Information
  • 7.8.2 Guangxi Yuding New Materials Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.8.3 Guangxi Yuding New Materials Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.8.4 Guangxi Yuding New Materials Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.8.5 Guangxi Yuding New Materials Recent Development
• 7.9 Guangxi Menghua Technology
  • 7.9.1 Guangxi Menghua Technology Company Information
  • 7.9.2 Guangxi Menghua Technology Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.9.3 Guangxi Menghua Technology Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.9.4 Guangxi Menghua Technology Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.9.5 Guangxi Menghua Technology Recent Development
• 7.10 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince)
  • 7.10.1 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince) Company Information
  • 7.10.2 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince) Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.10.3 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince) Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.10.4 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince) Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.10.5 Vibrantz Technologies Inc. (Prince) Recent Development
• 7.11 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd
  • 7.11.1 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd Company Information
  • 7.11.2 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.11.3 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.11.4 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.11.5 Guizhou Union Manganese Corporation Co., Ltd Recent Development
• 7.12 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific
  • 7.12.1 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific Company Information
  • 7.12.2 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.12.3 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.12.4 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.12.5 Xiangtan Electrochemical Scientific Recent Development
• 7.13 Changsha Rongqing Chemical
  • 7.13.1 Changsha Rongqing Chemical Company Information
  • 7.13.2 Changsha Rongqing Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.13.3 Changsha Rongqing Chemical Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.13.4 Changsha Rongqing Chemical Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.13.5 Changsha Rongqing Chemical Recent Development
• 7.14 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle
  • 7.14.1 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle Company Information
  • 7.14.2 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.14.3 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.14.4 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.14.5 Guangxi Detian Chemical Cycle Recent Development
• 7.15 GoodEarth India
  • 7.15.1 GoodEarth India Company Information
  • 7.15.2 GoodEarth India Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.15.3 GoodEarth India Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.15.4 GoodEarth India Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.15.5 GoodEarth India Recent Development
• 7.16 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL)
  • 7.16.1 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL) Company Information
  • 7.16.2 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL) Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.16.3 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL) Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.16.4 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL) Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.16.5 Manmohan Minerals (MMCPL) Recent Development
• 7.17 RMCPL Group
  • 7.17.1 RMCPL Group Company Information
  • 7.17.2 RMCPL Group Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.17.3 RMCPL Group Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.17.4 RMCPL Group Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.17.5 RMCPL Group Recent Development
• 7.18 Atul
  • 7.18.1 Atul Company Information
  • 7.18.2 Atul Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.18.3 Atul Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.18.4 Atul Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.18.5 Atul Recent Development
• 7.19 Compania de Minas Buenaventura
  • 7.19.1 Compania de Minas Buenaventura Company Information
  • 7.19.2 Compania de Minas Buenaventura Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.19.3 Compania de Minas Buenaventura Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.19.4 Compania de Minas Buenaventura Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.19.5 Compania de Minas Buenaventura Recent Development
• 7.20 Fermavi
  • 7.20.1 Fermavi Company Information
  • 7.20.2 Fermavi Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.20.3 Fermavi Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.20.4 Fermavi Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.20.5 Fermavi Recent Development
• 7.21 Quintal
  • 7.21.1 Quintal Company Information
  • 7.21.2 Quintal Introduction and Business Overview
  • 7.21.3 Quintal Manganese Sulphate Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
  • 7.21.4 Quintal Manganese Sulphate Product Offerings
  • 7.21.5 Quintal Recent Development

8 Industry Chain Analysis

• 8.1 Manganese Sulphate Industrial Chain
• 8.2 Manganese Sulphate Upstream Analysis
  • 8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
  • 8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  • 8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
• 8.3 Midstream Analysis
• 8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
• 8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
  • 8.5.1 Manganese Sulphate Sales Model
  • 8.5.2 Sales Channel
  • 8.5.3 Manganese Sulphate Distributors

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Appendix

• 10.1 Research Methodology
  • 10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
    • 10.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
    • 10.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
    • 10.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
  • 10.1.2 Data Source
    • 10.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
    • 10.1.2.2 Primary Sources
• 10.2 Author Details
• 10.3 Disclaimer