레그테크(RegTech) 시장 : 규모, 동향, 산업 분석 보고서 - 전개 유형별, 용도별, 조직 규모별, 컴퍼넌트별, 지역별 시장 예측(2024-2032년)

The global RegTech market size is expected to reach USD 66.15 billion by 2032, according to a new study by Polaris Market Research. The report "RegTech Market Size, Share, Trends, Industry Analysis Report: By Deployment Type (Cloud and On-Premises), Application, Organization Size, Component, and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) - Market Forecast, 2024-2032" gives a detailed insight into current market dynamics and provides analysis on future market growth.

The RegTech (Regulatory Technology) market grew rapidly in 2023 owing to the increasing complexity of regulatory compliance across various sectors, particularly in financial services. The demand for RegTech solutions is driven by stringent regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR in Europe, Basel III, and the upcoming Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) in the EU. RegTech companies are responding to these needs by integrating advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and blockchain, to automate compliance processes, reduce risks, and ensure real-time monitoring and reporting.

North America holds the largest market share, due to the highly regulated financial landscape in the US. However, Europe and Asia Pacific are experiencing significant growth, propelled by stringent data privacy regulations and the expansion of the fintech sector. Key players in the industry, including ComplyAdvantage, Fenergo, Trulioo, Refinitiv, and Actico, are advancing solutions in areas such as AML, KYC, and client lifecycle management.

Trulioo, a provider of an identity platform with global coverage for person and business verification, recently announced a new strategic partnership with the high-growth retail platform Capital.com. The partnership aims to support global expansion by adding streamlined, convenient onboarding for clients across APAC, EMEA, and Latin America.

The rising data generation necessitates comprehensive data management strategies, which propels the RegTech market growth. Organizations are using machine learning models to extract actionable insights from this explosion of data. Thus, the increasing amount of data requires platforms such as RegTech and DataOps, contributing to the market growth for RegTech.

RegTech Market Report Highlights

In terms of application type, the RegTech market for the risk & compliance segment is expected to experience substantial growth during the forecast period due to a rapid increase in adoption across various fields such as banking, financial services, and insurance as it helps in monitoring, gathering, and analyzing the data and provides ease of tracking down the developments in a rapidly changing environment.

By organization size, the large enterprises segment dominated the market in 2023. However, the adoption rate among SMEs is steadily increasing, driven by the growing need for cost-effective and accessible compliance solutions.

In the global RegTech market, North America accounts for the largest revenue share due to the presence of numerous established and emerging RegTech companies such as IBM, MetricStream, Thomson Reuters, and Broadridge Financial Solutions.

Asia Pacific is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period, due to an extensive rise in the demand for effective digital payment services and the presence of well-established fintech hotspots.

ACTICO, Ascent Technologies, Broadridge Financial Solutions, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, London Stock Exchange, IBM, Jumio Corporation, Pole Star Space, Thomson Reuters, REGnosys, MindBridge, Coryltics, Ayasdi AI LLC., and Chainalysis are among the global key market players.

Polaris Market Research has segmented the RegTech market report on the basis of deployment type, application type, organization size, component, and region:

By Deployment Type Outlook, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

Cloud

On-Premises

By Application Type Outlook, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

Risk & Compliance

Identity Management

Regulatory Reporting

Regulatory Intelligence

AML and Fraud Management

By Organization Size Outlook, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

Large Enterprises

SMEs

By Component Outlook, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

Solution

Services

By Regional Outlook, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

North America

US

Canada

Europe

Germany

France

UK

Italy

Spain

Netherlands

Russia

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

India

Malaysia

South Korea

Indonesia

Australia

Rest of Asia Pacific

Middle East & Africa

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Israel

South Africa

Rest of Middle East & Africa

Latin America

Mexico

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of Latin America

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

• 1.1. Report Description
  • 1.1.1. Objectives of the Study
  • 1.1.2. Market Scope
  • 1.1.3. Assumptions
• 1.2. Stakeholders

2. Executive Summary

• 2.1. Market Highlights

3. Research Methodology

• 3.1. Overview
  • 3.1.1. Data Mining
• 3.2. Data Sources
  • 3.2.1. Primary Sources
  • 3.2.2. Secondary Sources

4. RegTech Market Insights

• 4.1. RegTech- Application Snapshot
• 4.2. RegTech Dynamics
  • 4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities
    • 4.2.1.1. Key drivers for RegTech adoption effect on environmental and Urban Benefits
    • 4.2.1.2. Impact on Technological advancements/ Government incentives and policies/ Health and Fitness
  • 4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges
    • 4.2.2.1. High costs and environmental concerns are hindering the RegTech growth
• 4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
  • 4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Moderate)
  • 4.3.2. Threats of New Entrants: (Low)
  • 4.3.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
  • 4.3.4. Threat of Substitute (Moderate)
  • 4.3.5. Rivalry among existing firms (High)
• 4.4. PESTEL Analysis
• 4.5. RegTech Application Trends
• 4.6. Value Chain Analysis

5. RegTech Market, by Deployment Type

• 5.1. Key Findings
• 5.2. Introduction
  • 5.2.1. RegTech Market, by Deployment Type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 5.3. Cloud
  • 5.3.1. RegTech Market, by Cloud, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 5.4. On-premises
  • 5.4.1. RegTech Market, by On-Premises, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

6. RegTech Market, by Application

• 6.1. Key Findings
• 6.2. Introduction
  • 6.2.1. RegTech Market, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 6.3. Risk & Compliance
  • 6.3.1. RegTech Market, Risk & Compliance, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 6.4. Identity Management
  • 6.4.1. RegTech Market, by Identity Management, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 6.5. Regulatory Reports
  • 6.5.1. RegTech Market, by Regulatory Reports, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 6.6. Regulatory Intelligence
  • 6.6.1. RegTech Market, by Regulatory Intelligence, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 6.7. AML and Fraud Management
  • 6.7.1. RegTech Market, by AML and Fraud Management, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

7. RegTech Market, by Organization Size

• 7.1. Key Findings
• 7.2. Introduction
  • 7.2.1. RegTech Market, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 7.3. Large Enterprises
  • 7.3.1. RegTech Market, by Large Enterprises, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 7.4. SME's
  • 7.4.1. RegTech Market, by SME's, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

8. RegTech Market, by Component

• 8.1. Key Findings
• 8.2. Introduction
  • 8.2.1. RegTech Market, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 8.3. Solution
  • 8.3.1. RegTech Market, by Solution, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 8.4. Service
  • 8.4.1. RegTech Market, by Service, by Region, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

9. RegTech Market, by Geography

• 9.1. Key Findings
• 9.2. Introduction
  • 9.2.1. RegTech Assessment, By Geography, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 9.3. RegTech- North America
  • 9.3.1. North America: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.3.2. North America: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.3.3. North America: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.3.4. North America: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.3.5. RegTech- U.S.
    • 9.3.5.1. U.S.: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.5.2. U.S.: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.5.3. U.S.: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.5.4. U.S.: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.3.6. RegTech- Canada
    • 9.3.6.1. Canada: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.6.2. Canada: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.6.3. Canada: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.3.6.4. Canada: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 9.4. RegTech- Europe
  • 9.4.1. Europe: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.2. Europe: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.3. Europe: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.4. Europe: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.5. RegTech- UK
    • 9.4.5.1. UK: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.5.2. UK: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.5.3. UK: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.5.4. UK: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.6. RegTech- France
    • 9.4.6.1. France: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.6.2. France: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.6.3. France: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.6.4. France: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.7. RegTech- Germany
    • 9.4.7.1. Germany: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.7.2. Germany: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.7.3. Germany: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.7.4. Germany: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.8. RegTech- Italy
    • 9.4.8.1. Italy: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.8.2. Italy: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.8.3. Italy: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.8.4. Italy: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.9. RegTech- Spain
    • 9.4.9.1. Spain: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.9.2. Spain: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.9.3. Spain: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.9.4. Spain: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.10. RegTech- Netherlands
    • 9.4.10.1. Netherlands: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.10.2. Netherlands: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.10.3. Netherlands: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.10.4. Netherlands: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.11. RegTech- Russia
    • 9.4.11.1. Russia: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.11.2. Russia: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.11.3. Russia: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.11.4. Russia: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.4.12. RegTech- Rest of Europe
    • 9.4.12.1. Rest of Europe: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.12.2. Rest of Europe: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.12.3. Rest of Europe: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.4.12.4. Rest of Europe: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 9.5. RegTech- Asia Pacific
  • 9.5.1. Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.2. Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.3. Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.4. Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.5. RegTech- China
    • 9.5.5.1. China: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.5.2. China: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.5.3. China: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.5.4. China: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.6. RegTech- India
    • 9.5.6.1. India: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.6.2. India: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.6.3. India: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.6.4. India: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.7. RegTech- Malaysia
    • 9.5.7.1. Malaysia: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.7.2. Malaysia: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.7.3. Malaysia: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.7.4. Malaysia: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.8. RegTech- Japan
    • 9.5.8.1. Japan: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.8.2. Japan: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.8.3. Japan: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.8.4. Japan: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.9. RegTech- Indonesia
    • 9.5.9.1. Indonesia: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.9.2. Indonesia: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.9.3. Indonesia: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.9.4. Indonesia: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.10. RegTech- South Korea
    • 9.5.10.1. South Korea: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.10.2. South Korea: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.10.3. South Korea: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.10.4. South Korea: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.11. RegTech- Australia
    • 9.5.11.1. Australia: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.11.2. Australia: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.11.3. Australia: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.11.4. Australia: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.5.12. RegTech- Rest of Asia Pacific
    • 9.5.12.1. Rest of Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.12.2. Rest of Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.12.3. Rest of Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.5.12.4. Rest of Asia Pacific: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 9.6. RegTech- Middle East & Africa
  • 9.6.1. Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.2. Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.3. Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.4. Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.5. RegTech- Saudi Arabia
    • 9.6.5.1. Saudi Arabia: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.5.2. Saudi Arabia: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.5.3. Saudi Arabia: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.5.4. Saudi Arabia: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.6. RegTech- UAE
    • 9.6.6.1. UAE: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.6.2. UAE: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.6.3. UAE: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.6.4. UAE: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.7. RegTech- Israel
    • 9.6.7.1. Israel: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.7.2. Israel: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.7.3. Israel: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.7.4. Israel: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.8. RegTech- South Africa
    • 9.6.8.1. South Africa: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.8.2. South Africa: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.8.3. South Africa: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.8.4. South Africa: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.6.9. RegTech- Rest of Middle East & Africa
    • 9.6.9.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.9.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.9.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.6.9.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
• 9.7. RegTech- Latin America
  • 9.7.1. Latin America: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.2. Latin America: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.3. Latin America: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.4. Latin America: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.5. RegTech- Mexico
    • 9.7.5.1. Mexico: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.5.2. Mexico: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.5.3. Mexico: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.5.4. Mexico: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.6. RegTech- Brazil
    • 9.7.6.1. Brazil: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.6.2. Brazil: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.6.3. Brazil: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.6.4. Brazil: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.7. RegTech- Argentina
    • 9.7.7.1. Argentina: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.7.2. Argentina: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.7.3. Argentina: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.7.4. Argentina: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
  • 9.7.8. RegTech- Rest of Latin America
    • 9.7.8.1. Rest of Latin America: RegTech, by Deployment type, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.8.2. Rest of Latin America: RegTech, by Application, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.8.3. Rest of Latin America: RegTech, by Organization Size, 2019-2032 (USD billion)
    • 9.7.8.4. Rest of Latin America: RegTech, by Component, 2019-2032 (USD billion)

10. Competitive Landscape

• 10.1. Expansion and Acquisition Analysis
  • 10.1.1. Expansion
  • 10.1.2. Acquisitions
• 10.2. Partnerships/Collaborations/Agreements/Exhibitions

11. Company Profiles

• 11.1. ACTICO
  • 11.1.1. Company Overview
  • 11.1.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.1.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.1.4. Recent Development
• 11.2. Ascent Technologies
  • 11.2.1. Company Overview
  • 11.2.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.2.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.2.4. Recent Development
• 11.3. Broadridge Financial Solutions
  • 11.3.1. Company Overview
  • 11.3.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.3.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.3.4. Recent Development
• 11.4. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
  • 11.4.1. Company Overview
  • 11.4.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.4.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.4.4. Recent Development
• 11.5. London Stock Exchange
  • 11.5.1. Company Overview
  • 11.5.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.5.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.5.4. Recent Development
• 11.6. IBM
  • 11.6.1. Company Overview
  • 11.6.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.6.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.6.4. Recent Development
• 11.7. Adenza
  • 11.7.1. Company Overview
  • 11.7.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.7.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.7.4. Recent Development
• 11.8. Jumio Corporation
  • 11.8.1. Company Overview
  • 11.8.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.8.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.8.4. Recent Development
• 11.9. Pole Star Space
  • 11.9.1. Company Overview
  • 11.9.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.9.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.9.4. Recent Development
• 11.10. Thomson Reuiters
  • 11.10.1. Company Overview
  • 11.10.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.10.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.10.4. Recent Development
• 11.11. REGnosys
  • 11.11.1. Company Overview
  • 11.11.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.11.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.11.4. Recent Development
• 11.12. Mindbridge
  • 11.12.1. Company Overview
  • 11.12.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.12.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.12.4. Recent Development
• 11.13. Corylitics
  • 11.13.1. Company Overview
  • 11.13.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.13.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.13.4. Recent Development
• 11.14. Ayasdi AI LLC
  • 11.14.1. Company Overview
  • 11.14.2. Financial Performance
  • 11.14.3. Product Benchmarking
  • 11.14.4. Recent Development